They were the world’s first commercial whalers, establishing whaling stations as far distant as Newfoundland and Labrador.
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In the 7th and 8th century, the Basques became Europe’s leading shipbuilders (which they learned from the Vikings) and iron mongers (which they learned from the Celts). Although Basque was technically “occupied” by the Roman empire for nearly 400 years, the Romans demanded no tribute (taxes) and exerted no military oversight. The Greeks hired them, as did Carthage in their war against Rome.
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Historically the Basques were traders and mercenary soldiers dating back to the 4th century BC. Global Mercenaries, Traders, Shipbuilders, Navigators and Bankers Like Catalonia Basqueland, which has its own unique language (Eskuera), has been a major industrial and economic powerhouse for the rest of Spain. Despite the recent declaration of independence by Catalonia, there is surprisingly little attention on historical efforts by Basqueland, to break away from Spanish rule. The Basque History of the World is a history of Basqueland, a semi-autonomous region in the Pyrenees straddling the French-Spanish border. See New York TimesĪll 12 face a potential 17-year sentence for rebellion.
BASIL DAVIDSON THE RISE OF NATIONALISM SUMMARY EPISODE 7 TRIAL
They were also elected (along with two exiled Catalan leaders) to the European Parliament, as well.Īlthough the trial ended June 12, 2019, the verdict isn’t expected until fall. Four, who were elected, were let out of jail to take their oath of office before the new government suspended their right to take their seats. Because the Catalan independence movement is as strong as ever, several of the imprisoned Popular Assembly leaders stood in the new election. In April 2019, the socialist government fell, because Catalan members of its governing coalition refused to support their proposed budget. For some reason, they are allowing members of the right wing Vox party to participate in prosecuting the Catalan leaders. Spain’s center left socialist government, which took power in June 2018 opposes Catalan independence. Other leaders, including Carlos Puigemont, the former Catalan president, fled to northern Europe to avoid arrest. Twelve assembly leaders were arrested and spent 17 months in prison before going to trial. On the day of the poll, national police raided many polling stations, confiscating ballot boxes and trying to drag voters away.įollowing the failed referendum, the Catalan Popular Assembly voted to declare independence and was suspended by the Spanish government. Of the 43% who successfully cast votes, 90% opted for independence. Most opponents of independence boycotted the ballot. Nearly 50% of the population voted or tried to vote on the 2017 referendum. In a region where children were historically forbidden to speak their native tongue (Catalan) in school, the movement for Catalan rights and independence has a long history.Ĭatalan public opinion is evenly divided over the independence issue. This documentary examines the arrest and imprisonment of nine leaders of the Catalan Popular Assembly for holding an independence referendum in 2017.
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The Catalonia Trials: Justice or Vengeance